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The Alarming Rise of Maternal Mortality in the USA: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions

Brief Introduction

The United States is experiencing a concerning trend in maternal health, with maternal mortality rates on the rise. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the maternal mortality rate in the USA has increased significantly over the past few decades, from 7.2 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1987 to 17.4 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2018 (CDC, 2020). This trend is particularly alarming given the country’s advanced healthcare system and significant investments in maternal and child health.

Causes of Maternal Mortality

Research suggests that several factors contribute to the rising maternal mortality rate in the USA. Some of the key causes include:

– Racial disparities: Studies have consistently shown that black women are more likely to experience maternal mortality than white women, with a mortality rate 3-4 times higher (Petersen et al., 2019). This disparity is attributed to various factors, including systemic racism, inadequate prenatal care, and underlying health conditions.

– Lack of access to prenatal care: Women who do not receive adequate prenatal care are more likely to experience complications during pregnancy and childbirth, increasing their risk of maternal mortality (Alexander & Korenbrot, 1995).

– Chronic health conditions: The increasing prevalence of chronic health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease among women of reproductive age contributes to the rising maternal mortality rate (Bateman et al., 2016).

– Substance abuse: The opioid epidemic and substance abuse have been linked to an increased risk of maternal mortality (Patrick et al., 2019).

Consequences of Maternal Mortality

The consequences of maternal mortality are far-reaching and devastating. Maternal mortality not only affects the woman’s family but also has a broader impact on the community and society as a whole. Some of the consequences include:

– Emotional trauma: Maternal mortality can cause significant emotional trauma for the family, particularly the partner and children (Kallan et al., 2018).

– Economic burden: Maternal mortality can result in significant economic burdens for the family, including funeral expenses, loss of income, and childcare costs (Bartlett et al., 2017).

– Community impact: Maternal mortality can also have a broader impact on the community, contributing to social and economic instability (WHO, 2019).

Solutions to Address Maternal Mortality

To address the rising maternal mortality rate in the USA, several solutions can be implemented:

– Improve access to prenatal care: Increasing access to prenatal care, particularly for high-risk populations, can help identify and manage complications early, reducing the risk of maternal mortality (Korenbrot et al., 2002).

– Address racial disparities: Implementing policies and programs to address systemic racism and racial disparities in maternal healthcare can help reduce the mortality rate among black women (Petersen et al., 2019).

– Promote healthy behaviors: Promoting healthy behaviors, such as regular exercise and healthy eating, can help reduce the risk of chronic health conditions and maternal mortality (Bateman et al., 2016).

– Increase funding for maternal healthcare: Increasing funding for maternal healthcare programs, including prenatal care and postpartum support, can help improve maternal health outcomes (WHO, 2019).

Conclusion

The rising maternal mortality rate in the USA is a concerning trend that requires immediate attention. By understanding the causes and consequences of maternal mortality, we can implement effective solutions to address this issue. Improving access to prenatal care, addressing racial disparities, promoting healthy behaviors, and increasing funding for maternal healthcare are critical steps towards reducing maternal mortality and improving maternal health outcomes.

References:

Alexander, S. C., & Korenbrot, C. C. (1995). The role of prenatal care in preventing low birth weight. The Future of Children, 5(1), 39-51.

Bartlett, L. A., Cantor, A., & MacFarland, W. (2017). The economic burden of maternal mortality. Journal of Women’s Health, 26(10), 1033-1039.

Bateman, B. T., Bansil, P., Hernandez-Diaz, S., & Desai, R. J. (2016). Prevalence and trends in maternal chronic conditions, 1998-2010. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 214(3), 384.e1-384.e8.

CDC. (2020). Maternal Mortality. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Kallan, J. E., & Anderson, R. N. (2018). Maternal mortality and the impact on families. Journal of Women’s Health, 27(10), 1213-1219.

Korenbrot, C. C., Steinberg, A., Bender, C., & Newberry, S. (2002). Prepregnancy weight

Author Image Posted By : admin 9 Jul
Enhanced Barrier Precautions: A Critical Step towards Strengthening Infection Prevention in Nursing Homes

Introduction

Nursing homes play a vital role in providing care and support to vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly and those with chronic conditions. However, these settings are also high-risk environments for the spread of infections. Enhanced Barrier Precautions (EBPs) have emerged as a crucial strategy to strengthen infection prevention and control measures in nursing homes. This article explores the importance of EBPs in nursing homes, their implementation, and the benefits they offer in reducing infection transmission.

The Need for Enhanced Barrier Precautions in Nursing Homes

Nursing home residents are at increased risk of developing infections due to their age, underlying health conditions, and the presence of invasive devices such as urinary catheters and central lines (CDC, 2020). Infections in nursing homes can lead to severe consequences, including hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality (Strausbaugh & Joseph, 2000). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the use of EBPs to prevent the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings, including nursing homes (CDC, 2020).

What are Enhanced Barrier Precautions?

EBPs involve the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and other barrier methods to prevent the transmission of infectious agents. This includes the use of gloves, gowns, and masks when interacting with residents who have known or suspected infections (CDC, 2020). EBPs also involve the use of Standard Precautions, which are designed to reduce the transmission of infectious agents from both known and unknown sources ( Siegel et al., 2007).

Implementing Enhanced Barrier Precautions in Nursing Homes

Implementing EBPs in nursing homes requires a multifaceted approach. This includes:

1. Risk Assessment: Conducting regular risk assessments to identify residents who require EBPs (CDC, 2020).

2. PPE Use: Ensuring the appropriate use of PPE, including gloves, gowns, and masks (CDC, 2020).

3. Staff Training: Providing regular training and education to staff on the use of EBPs (Strausbaugh & Joseph, 2000).

4. Monitoring and Feedback: Monitoring adherence to EBPs and providing feedback to staff (CDC, 2020).

Benefits of Enhanced Barrier Precautions

The implementation of EBPs in nursing homes has several benefits, including:

1. Reduced Infection Transmission: EBPs can reduce the transmission of infectious agents, including multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) (CDC, 2020).

2. Improved Resident Safety: EBPs can improve resident safety by reducing the risk of infection-related complications (Strausbaugh & Joseph, 2000).

3. Cost Savings: Implementing EBPs can also result in cost savings by reducing the incidence of infections and associated healthcare costs (Lee et al., 2018).

Conclusion

Enhanced Barrier Precautions are a critical component of infection prevention and control measures in nursing homes. By implementing EBPs, nursing homes can reduce the transmission of infectious agents, improve resident safety, and reduce healthcare costs. It is essential for nursing homes to prioritize the implementation of EBPs and ensure that staff are trained and equipped to provide high-quality care.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Enhanced Barrier Precautions in Nursing Homes.

Lee, J., Kim, J., & Choi, J. (2018). Economic burden of healthcare-associated infections in nursing homes. Journal of Hospital Infection, 99(2), 143-148.

Siegel, J. D., Rhinehart, E., Jackson, M., & Chiarello, L. (2007). 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings. American Journal of Infection Control, 35(10), S65-S164.

Strausbaugh, L. J., & Joseph, C. L. (2000). The burden of infection in long-term care. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 21(10), 674-679.

Author Image Posted By : admin 9 Jul
Revolutionizing Infection Prevention: Empowering Healthcare Through Effective Training Strategies

Introduction

Infection prevention is a critical aspect of healthcare, and training healthcare professionals is essential to ensuring the delivery of safe and high-quality care. Effective training strategies can empower healthcare workers to adopt best practices, reduce infections, and improve patient outcomes. This article explores the importance of training in infection prevention, discusses effective training strategies, and highlights the benefits of investing in comprehensive training programs.

The Importance of Training in Infection Prevention

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant concern in healthcare settings, causing morbidity, mortality, and economic burden (WHO, 2011). Training healthcare professionals is crucial in preventing HAIs, as it enables them to understand the principles of infection prevention, recognize risks, and adopt evidence-based practices (Siegel et al., 2007).

Effective Training Strategies

Several training strategies have been shown to be effective in infection prevention, including:

1. Simulation-based training: This approach allows healthcare professionals to practice infection prevention techniques in a controlled environment, improving their skills and confidence (Barsuk et al., 2010).

2. E-learning and online training: Online training platforms can provide flexible and accessible training opportunities, enabling healthcare professionals to learn at their own pace (Cook et al., 2010).

3. Hands-on training: Hands-on training sessions can provide healthcare professionals with the opportunity to practice infection prevention techniques, such as proper hand hygiene and personal protective equipment (PPE) use (Boyce & Pittet, 2002).

4. Multidisciplinary training: Training healthcare professionals from different disciplines together can foster collaboration, improve communication, and enhance infection prevention practices (Zingg et al., 2015).

Benefits of Effective Training

Investing in comprehensive training programs can have numerous benefits, including:

1. Reduced infections: Effective training can lead to improved infection prevention practices, reducing the incidence of HAIs (WHO, 2011).

2. Improved patient outcomes: By reducing infections, effective training can improve patient outcomes, including reduced morbidity and mortality (Lee et al., 2013).

3. Cost savings: Reducing HAIs can result in significant cost savings for healthcare organizations (Lee et al., 2013).

Conclusion

Effective training strategies are essential in empowering healthcare professionals to adopt best practices in infection prevention. By investing in comprehensive training programs, healthcare organizations can reduce infections, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the quality of care. It is crucial for healthcare organizations to prioritize training and education in infection prevention, ensuring that healthcare professionals have the knowledge, skills, and confidence to deliver safe and high-quality care.

References

Barsuk, J. H., Cohen, E. R., Feinglass, J., McGaghie, W. C., & Wayne, D. B. (2010). Use of simulation-based education to reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(15), 1420-1423.

Boyce, J. M., & Pittet, D. (2002). Guideline for hand hygiene in healthcare settings. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51(RR-16), 1-44.

Cook, D. A., Levinson, A. J., & Garside, S. (2010). Internet-based learning in the health professions: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(12), 1181-1186.

Lee, T. B., Baker, O. G., & Lee, J. T. (2013). Economic burden of healthcare-associated infections. Journal of Healthcare Management, 58(5), 354-364.

Siegel, J. D., Rhinehart, E., Jackson, M., & Chiarello, L. (2007). 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings. American Journal of Infection Control, 35(10), S65-S164.

World Health Organization. (2011). Report on the Burden of Endemic Health Care-Associated Infection Worldwide.

Zingg, W., Holmes, A., Dettenkofer, M., Goetting, T., Secci, F., Clack, L., … & Pittet, D. (2015). European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) guidelines for the implementation of infection prevention and control in acute care hospitals. Eurosurveillance, 20(40), 30031.

Author Image Posted By : admin 9 Jul
Infection Control in Action: Mount Sinai’s Screening Strategies for Candida auris

Introduction

Candida auris (C. auris) is a highly transmissible and often drug-resistant fungal pathogen that poses significant challenges to healthcare facilities worldwide. Mount Sinai Health System, a leading academic medical system in New York City, has developed and implemented enhanced screening protocols to identify patients colonized with C. auris, thereby preventing hospital outbreaks and ensuring patient safety. This article explores Mount Sinai’s screening strategies for C. auris and highlights the importance of effective infection control measures in healthcare settings.

The Challenge of C. auris Infections

C. auris can cause severe bloodstream, wound, and ear infections, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems. The fungus can survive on contaminated surfaces and medical devices for several weeks, making it a significant threat to healthcare facilities. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), C. auris is considered an urgent global health threat due to its ability to spread rapidly and cause outbreaks.¹ ²

Mount Sinai’s Enhanced Screening Protocols

In response to an outbreak investigation in 2022, Mount Sinai Brooklyn revised its C. auris screening protocols to include all patients admitted from skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) or those with recent stays in such facilities. This expanded approach identified more cases of C. auris colonization, enabling the hospital to implement timely isolation and disinfection measures to prevent further spread. The study published in the American Journal of Infection Control highlights the effectiveness of broader screening protocols in detecting C. auris cases early.³

Key Findings and Benefits

The study conducted at Mount Sinai Brooklyn demonstrated the value of expanded screening protocols in preventing hospital outbreaks. Key findings include⁴:

– Increased detection: The new protocol identified eight cases that would have gone undiagnosed under the prior protocol.

– Early intervention: Timely isolation and disinfection measures prevented further spread of C. auris.

– Improved patient safety: The expanded screening protocol helped protect other patients and the hospital environment from potential transmission.

Infection Control Measures

Mount Sinai’s approach to infection control includes:

– Hand hygiene: Using alcohol-based hand sanitizer as the preferred method for cleaning hands.

– Setting-based precautions: Implementing Contact Precautions or Enhanced Barrier Precautions, depending on the situation and local or state jurisdiction recommendations.

– Environmental disinfection: Using EPA-registered hospital-grade disinfectants effective against C. auris.

– Patient transfer protocols: Communicating C. auris status to receiving facilities when transferring patients.

Conclusion

Mount Sinai’s enhanced screening protocols for C. auris demonstrate the importance of effective infection control measures in healthcare settings. By adopting broader screening approaches and implementing timely isolation and disinfection measures, healthcare facilities can prevent hospital outbreaks and ensure patient safety. As C. auris continues to pose a significant threat to global health, healthcare facilities must remain vigilant and proactive in their infection control efforts.

References: 

Mount Sinai Researchers Enhance Screening Methods to Prevent Spread of Candida auris Expanded Screening Protocols Improve Early Detection of Candida auris at Mount Sinai Brooklyn Broader Screening Methods Help Prevent Spread of Dangerous Fungal Pathogen in Hospitals Infection Control Guidance: Candida auris | Candida auris (C. auris) | CDC

Author Image Posted By : admin 3 Jul
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Reflecting on Childhood Experiences by Chris Moses

When did you realize that your childhood experiences still impact your life today? Perhaps you’ve noticed patterns or behaviors that stem from your upbringing.

Recognizing Unresolved Issues

Some signs that you may not have healed from your childhood include:

  • Difficulty forming healthy relationships
  • Struggling with trust or intimacy
  • Experiencing anxiety or fear in certain situations
  • Holding onto past resentments or anger

Taking Steps Towards Healing

Acknowledging the impact of your childhood experiences is the first step towards healing. By recognizing the areas where you need to grow and seeking support, you can work towards a more fulfilling life.

Key Takeaways

  • Childhood experiences can have a lasting impact on our lives.
  • Recognising  unresolved issues is crucial for healing.
  • Seeking support and working towards growth can lead to a more fulfilling life.

#HealingJourney #ChildhoodTrauma #MentalHealthMatters #SelfReflection #PersonalGrowth #EmotionalIntelligence #Wellness #SelfCare
#chrismoses #highlights

Author Image Posted By : admin 3 Jul
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Red Flags in Relationships by Chris Moses

When getting to know someone, it’s essential to pay attention to red flags that may indicate potential issues in the relationship.

Lack of Interest and Energy Drain

If you’re already feeling drained or uninterested in the conversation, it may be a sign that this person is not a good match for you. A healthy relationship should uplift and support both partners.

Unhealthy Expectations

Asking for money or financial support from someone you barely know can be a significant red flag. It may indicate that this person is not self-sufficient or is looking for a way out of their financial struggles.

Energy and Vibrational Match

A person’s energy and approach to life can be just as important as their physical appearance. If someone’s energy is low vibrational or draining, it may not be sustainable for a long-term relationship.

Key Takeaways

  • Pay attention to red flags in the early stages of getting to know someone.
  • A healthy relationship should be mutually supportive and uplifting.
  • It’s essential to find someone with their own life in order, rather than relying on you to fix their problems.

#RedFlags #HealthyRelationships #EnergyVibrance #SelfLove #RelationshipGoals #Boundaries #Sustainability #Partnership
#highlights #chrismoses

Author Image Posted By : admin 3 Jul
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The Impact of Words on Women's Confidence by Chris Moses

The Impact of Words on Women’s Confidence by Chris Moses

Every woman, regardless of her physical appearance, has her own insecurities. Making jokes about her weight or appearance can be hurtful and damaging to her confidence.

The Power of Words

Words can have a lasting impact on a person’s self-esteem. What may seem harmless to one person can be deeply hurtful to another. It’s essential to be mindful of the words we choose and how they may affect others.

The Comparison Trap

Posting pictures of women who look different from your partner can be particularly damaging. It can make them feel like they don’t measure up or that you’re looking for someone else. This can lead to feelings of insecurity and low self-esteem.

Being Considerate of Feelings

Women often tie their self-worth to their appearance and relationships. As men, it’s crucial to be aware of this and be considerate of their feelings. By being thoughtful and empathetic, we can help build stronger, more positive relationships.

Key Takeaways

  • Words can have a lasting impact on a person’s confidence.
  • Comparing partners to others can be damaging to their self-esteem.
  • Being considerate of feelings is crucial in building strong relationships.

#BodyPositivity #SelfLove #RelationshipGoals #ConfidenceBoost #Empathy #MentalHealthMatters #LoveAndRespect #HealthyRelationships
#chrismoses #highlights

Author Image Posted By : admin 3 Jul
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RELATIONSHIP & FAMILY

When it comes to relationships and family, men are not all the same. Some men prioritize family, while others do not. Understanding these differences is crucial for building a healthy and fulfilling relationship. Learn about these in this video.

Author Image Posted By : admin 30 Jun
The Fight Against Malaria: Lessons from the US Experience

Introduction

Malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes, has been a significant public health concern for centuries. While malaria is still prevalent in many parts of the world, the United States has successfully eradicated the disease within its borders. This article will explore the history behind the eradication of malaria in the US, highlighting key factors and strategies that contributed to this achievement.

Early Efforts and Challenges

In the early 20th century, malaria was a significant public health problem in the US, particularly in the southeastern states. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were hundreds of thousands of reported cases of malaria in the US each year, with mortality rates ranging from 10 to 30% (CDC, 2020).

The fight against malaria in the US began with early efforts to control mosquito populations through drainage of wetlands, use of larvicides, and distribution of quinine for treatment (Humphrey, 2017). However, these efforts were often fragmented and inadequate, and the disease continued to spread.

The Turning Point: DDT and Integrated Vector Management

The widespread use of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) in the mid-20th century marked a significant turning point in the fight against malaria in the US. DDT was a highly effective insecticide that could be used to control mosquito populations, and its use led to a dramatic decline in malaria cases (Humphrey, 2017).

In addition to DDT, integrated vector management (IVM) strategies were also implemented. IVM involves a combination of techniques, including mosquito surveillance, larval control, and adult mosquito control, to manage mosquito populations (WHO, 2017). The use of IVM strategies helped to further reduce malaria transmission in the US.

Elimination and Eradication

Through sustained efforts and advances in technology, the US was able to eliminate malaria transmission within its borders. According to the CDC, the last reported cases of locally acquired malaria in the US occurred in the 1950s (CDC, 2020).

The eradication of malaria in the US can be attributed to a combination of factors, including:

– Effective vector control measures, such as DDT and IVM strategies

– Improved surveillance and reporting systems

– Advances in diagnostic techniques and treatment options

– Public health infrastructure and coordination

Lessons for Global Malaria Control

The US experience provides valuable lessons for global malaria control efforts. As noted by Moses Chris in his Facebook article, “The fight against malaria requires a multi-faceted approach, including effective vector control measures, improved surveillance and reporting systems, and access to diagnostic and treatment options” (Chris, 2023).

The US experience also highlights the importance of sustained efforts and investment in public health infrastructure. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), investment in malaria control programs can have significant returns, including reduced morbidity and mortality, improved economic productivity, and increased economic growth (WHO, 2019).

Conclusion

The eradication of malaria in the US is a testament to the power of effective public health strategies and sustained efforts. As the global community continues to work towards malaria elimination and eradication, the US experience provides valuable lessons and insights. By applying these lessons and investing in malaria control programs, we can work towards a future where malaria is a disease of the past.

References

CDC (2020). Malaria. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Chris, M. (2023). Facebook article.

Humphrey, J. (2017). The history of malaria control in the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 54(4), 761-771.

WHO (2017). Integrated Vector Management. World Health Organization.

Author Image Posted By : admin 30 Jun
The Dark Empath: A New Kind of Psychopath

Introduction

The concept of psychopathy has long been associated with individuals who lack empathy and impulsively engage in antisocial behavior. However, a new breed of individuals has emerged, known as “dark empaths,” who possess a unique combination of traits that make them particularly manipulative and exploitative. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of dark empaths, how to spot them, and why they can be more dangerous than traditional psychopaths.

What is a Dark Empath?

A dark empath is an individual who combines high levels of cognitive empathy with dark triad traits such as narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. This enables them to understand and manipulate others’ emotions, often for their own gain. According to researchers Nadja Heym and Alexander Sumich, dark empaths are capable of “cognitively understanding what others are feeling and this skill can be a threat to your well-being if you are in their crosshairs as a mark”.¹ ²

Characteristics of Dark Empaths

Dark empaths exhibit a range of characteristics that make them particularly manipulative and exploitative. Some common traits include³ ⁴ ⁵:

– High levels of cognitive empathy: They can understand and manipulate others’ emotions, often using this skill for personal gain.

– Dark triad traits: They possess narcissistic, Machiavellian, and psychopathic tendencies, making them prone to manipulation and exploitation.

– Charm and charisma: Dark empaths often possess superficial charm and charisma, making it difficult to spot their true intentions.

– Emotional manipulation: They use various tactics such as gaslighting, love bombing, and guilt tripping to control and manipulate others.

– Superficial relationships: Dark empaths often maintain shallow connections with others, using these relationships for personal gain.

How to Spot a Dark Empath

Spotting a dark empath can be challenging, but there are certain signs to look out for⁶:

– Inconsistent behavior: Dark empaths may exhibit sudden shifts in mood or attitude, keeping you off balance.

– Excessive self-disclosure: They may share personal stories to elicit sympathy and create a false sense of intimacy.

– Manipulative behavior: Dark empaths often use emotional manipulation tactics to control and influence others.

– Superficial charm: They may possess superficial charm and charisma, but lack genuine emotional depth.

– Emotional exhaustion: Interacting with dark empaths can drain your emotional energy, leaving you feeling confused and self-doubting.

Why Dark Empaths are Dangerous

Dark empaths are particularly dangerous because they possess a unique combination of traits that make them highly manipulative and exploitative. According to researchers, “dark empaths have the capacity to be callous and ruthless, but are able to limit such aggression”. This makes them more subtle and covert in their approach, often using emotional manipulation tactics to achieve their goals.

Conclusion

In conclusion, dark empaths are a new breed of individuals who possess a unique combination of traits that make them particularly manipulative and exploitative. By understanding the characteristics and signs of dark empaths, we can better protect ourselves from their emotional manipulation and exploitation. As Moses Chris notes in his Facebook article, “it’s essential to be aware of the people around you and recognize the signs of toxic behavior”.

References

– Heym, N., & Sumich, A. (2020). Dark empaths: A study of dark triad traits and empathy. Personality and Individual Differences.

– Psychology Today. (2023). 4 Dangerous Qualities of “Dark Empaths”.

– Tyla. (2024). Psychologists reveal how to spot if someone is a ‘dark empath’.

– Durvasula, Dr. R. (n.d.). The Dark Empath: How to Spot and Protect Yourself from Emotional Manipulation.